Nebraska Bankers Association
  • About
    • Membership
    • News
    • Boards and Committees
    • Alice Dittman Trailblazer Award
    • NBA Foundation
    • Leadership Program
    • Staff Directory >
      • Contact Us
  • Workforce
    • Careers
    • Post Job Openings
  • Advocacy
    • Legislative Update
    • BankPAC
    • Comment Letters
  • Compliance
    • Handbook
    • Compliance Update
    • Compliance Alliance
  • Education
    • Event Calendar
    • In-person Events/Training
    • Webinars
    • ABA Training
    • Banking Schools
    • CYBERSECURITY TRAINING
    • Sponsorships and Exhibits
    • Young Bankers (YBON)
  • Insurance
    • Agency Services >
      • Commercial Insurance
      • Personal Insurance
      • Livestock, Irrigation and Farm Insurance
      • Surety Bonds
    • Bank Property & Liability
    • Financial Institution Insurance
    • Benefit Plans
  • Bank Resources
    • Preferred Vendors
    • Associate Members
    • Marketing Resources
    • Financial Literacy
    • Single Bank Pooled ​Collateral Program
    • Bank Security
    • Compensation & Benefits Survey
  • About
    • Membership
    • News
    • Boards and Committees
    • Alice Dittman Trailblazer Award
    • NBA Foundation
    • Leadership Program
    • Staff Directory >
      • Contact Us
  • Workforce
    • Careers
    • Post Job Openings
  • Advocacy
    • Legislative Update
    • BankPAC
    • Comment Letters
  • Compliance
    • Handbook
    • Compliance Update
    • Compliance Alliance
  • Education
    • Event Calendar
    • In-person Events/Training
    • Webinars
    • ABA Training
    • Banking Schools
    • CYBERSECURITY TRAINING
    • Sponsorships and Exhibits
    • Young Bankers (YBON)
  • Insurance
    • Agency Services >
      • Commercial Insurance
      • Personal Insurance
      • Livestock, Irrigation and Farm Insurance
      • Surety Bonds
    • Bank Property & Liability
    • Financial Institution Insurance
    • Benefit Plans
  • Bank Resources
    • Preferred Vendors
    • Associate Members
    • Marketing Resources
    • Financial Literacy
    • Single Bank Pooled ​Collateral Program
    • Bank Security
    • Compensation & Benefits Survey

UCC ARTICLES 3 AND 4 NEGOTIABLE CHECKS: CHECK KITING

I.          INTRODUCTION

Check kiting is the knowing deposit of uncollected funds and then drawing checks against those uncollected funds for the purpose of deposit in another account to pay uncollected fund deficiencies.  The practice may occur in a number of ways and may involve several financial institutions.  It has been reported that banks most susceptible to check-kiting schemes are those that do not employ proper internal controls and reporting systems to monitor this and other suspicious activity or do not enforce internal procedures already in place.  Liberal practices relating to wire transfers or funds availability also increase risks to the bank.  Exceptions to bank internal controls that approve drawings against uncollected funds, overdrafts and wire transfers may become a more routine practice with the result that bank personnel overlook the risks involved.  Bank regulators encourage banks to manage risks posed by such fraudulent activity and urge bank management to ensure the effectiveness of internal controls used to identify suspicious activity and to minimize risk.

II.        INTERNAL CONTROLS

Internal controls that banks should consider was the subject of an OCC Advisory Letter dated August 6, 1996.  Those suggested are as follows:

  • Officer approval on drawings against uncollected funds, overdrafts and wire transfers.  Such authority should be strictly enforced and not exceed an individual’s lending authority.
  • Daily reports on drawings against uncollected funds, overdrafts, large items and significant balance changes.
  • Designated individual to regularly review internal reports to spot anomalous conduct and to ensure proper investigation when warranted.
  • Secondary level of administrative control that is distinct from other lending functions to promote objectivity when granting significant drawings against uncollected funds or overdrafts.
  • Regular overdraft activity reports to the board or an approved committee thereof.
  • Periodic review through an independent audit function to assess and report on the adequacy of all established internal controls in this area.

Although banks must comply with Regulation CC time frames, the bank should know of theregulation’s exceptions to the normal funds availability schedules and use those exceptions appropriately.

The OCC also gave specific examples of suspicious circumstances that might indicate a check-kiting scheme:

  • Several accounts with similar names, owned or controlled by the same individuals.
  • Regular or excessive drawings against uncollected funds.
  • Frequent daily negative ending balances or overdrafts that eventually clear or are covered in a short time frame.
  • Identifiable patterns of transactions such as deposits, transfers between accounts, withdrawals and wire transfers, often with similar or increasing amounts.
  • Deposits of large checks drawn on out-of-area banks or foreign banks.
  • Frequent requests by the customer for account balances, collected items or cleared items.
  • Frequent, large deposits drawn on the same institution.
  • Deposits drawn on other institutions by the same maker or signer.
  • Large debits and credits of even dollar amounts.
  • Frequent check withdrawals to the same institution, with the maker listed as payee.
  • A low average daily balance in relation to deposit activity.
  • A low collected fund balance in relation to the book balance.
  • A volume of activity or large debits and credits inappropriate in relation to the nature of the business of the account holder involved.

III.       NOTIFICATION AND REPORTS

Check kiting is an unlawful practice and should be reported to law enforcement officials as soon as discovered.  You should also notify your insurance carrier, primary regulator and file a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR).

Compliance Handbook Search

*
  • Volume I
    • Compliance Management
    • Governance
    • Bank Structure
    • Personnel
    • Record Retention
    • Public Disclosure
    • Privacy
    • Security
    • CFPB
  • Volume II
    • Deposit Accounts
    • Public Funds
    • Bank Promotion
    • Nondeposit Products
    • Unclaimed Property
  • Volume III
    • Secured Transactions
    • Real Estate
    • Lending
    • Environmental Issues
    • Miscellaneous

STAY CONNECTED

Contact Us

Nebraska Bankers Association

233 South 13th Street, Suite 700
Lincoln, NE 68508
​402-474-1555
​Digital Millennium Copyright Act Policy
Member Login